Business Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Research Methods - Assignment Example In addition, a structured questionnaire survey has been planned to be conducted with 100, randomly selected sample population. In order to analyse the data obtained, statistical tools such as graphs and charts will be used in the proposed research. Table of Contents 1.Research Proposal Title 2 2.Abstract 2 3.Introduction 4 4.Research Question and Objectives 5 4.1.Research Question 5 4.2.Research Objectives 5 5.Literature Review 6 6.Research Method(s) 8 6.1.Research Design 8 6.2.Data Collection Methods 9 References 11 Appendix 13 Questionnaire Designed For Customers 13 Questionnaire Designed for Employees 19 3. Introduction Employee satisfaction is often perceived to have a vital role in determining the success of the organization. It has become a crucial factor for the organization to keep its employees satisfied and motivated. However, when it comes to the hospitality service, the role of employees becomes even more important. Customer satisfaction seems to be corollary of satisfied employees, which in turn contribute towards the success of the organization. It can be firmly argued that there is a greater need for creating an environment, wherein employees are committed towards offering services, as per the preferences of the diversified customers group. It is worth mentioning that employee satisfaction not only facilitates in increasing the productivity of the organization, but it also contributes towards enhancing the quality of the services offered to the customers. It can be argued that there is a greater need for understanding the cause and effect relationship acting amid customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction, as often allegedly, it has been affirmed by that it is quite unfeasible to attain customer loyalty without seeking the employee loyalty (Naseem & et. al., 2011In simple words, because customer service largely depends on the employees who provide services to the ultimate customers in a service sector, it is essential to identify and assess the factors underlying the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Thus, the chosen topic for the research, will attempt to identify the correlation existing between the customer satisfaction and the employee satisfaction in the UK hospitality service sector, evaluating the underlying factors. The research will offer valuable insights to the hospitality service sector about the role of employee satisfaction and its effects on attaining customer satisfaction. The study will further facilitate the hospitality service sector, to concentrate on the employee’s level of satisfaction in order to achieve the pre-determined goals of the organization. 4. Research Question and Objectives 4.1. Research Question The notion considered for this proposed study postulates that the in-depth understanding of the correlation existing between customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction will provide empirical evidences to the underlying factors influencing such a dependency of its market performance on the internal organisational environment and managerial strategies. This shall further assist the hospitality service providers to evaluate their current managerial strategies and pay due attention towards balancing their internal organisational environment, in order to yield a higher degree of customers satisfaction. Correspondingly, the research question to be

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example These are people whose past life stories of where they come from, be it Mexico, Europe and Africa among other regions are not at all pleasing (Ledbetter 23). United States offers to these people refuge and good life that they would wish to live or far much better regardless of circumstances than that of their mother lands. Americans may at times take the good life; good roads, education, social amenities, health and security among others for granted. These social amenities in other regions are rare to come by and where available, they come at an unbearable cost. However, despite all these issues dogging them, illegal immigrants come to face harsh lives in the United States due to their lack of legitimacy and lack of appropriate documents. Illegal immigration is no doubt beneficial to the US economy. Most Americans cannot take up jobs that these immigrants do and for that reason low-wage jobs find people to do them. As much they are earning, they also consume. This way they offer a consumption pool that drives industries forward while not forgetting these goods are taxed offering revenue for the government. Due to their offering of cheap labor it is possible for farmers and other producers to lower their prices on goods. Ledbetter states that being an illegal immigrant does not necessarily mean these people are less skilled. A good number of them are highly innovative and educated too and the brain drain is a benefit to the United States economy. Illegal immigrants also involve themselves in many sectors of the economy in which they benefit e.g. automobile insurance, real estate where they pay commissions, hold bank accounts that charge interest and rent in areas that would otherwise have lacked tenants (36 – 4 4). These benefits are at times overshadowed by various issues. Many illegal immigrants end up sending their hard earned money to their

MOVE Philadelphia Bombing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MOVE Philadelphia Bombing - Research Paper Example As such the news media plays a fundamental role in helping an individual understand each of these complex interpersonal and societal dynamics. Due to the history of race and class oppression in the United States, an overwhelming racial tension and undercurrent of class struggle exists at almost every level of American society. When groups that have suffered from the media’s bias, such as African Americans, have taken up cause and struggled against their portrayal in the media, they have been met with an even more aggressive media bias. Because of this, negative racial perceptions of African-Americans and black activism have been far more prevalent than those that exist within white activist individuals or communities. The MOVE bombing in Philadelphia shows the disparity in treatment and representation of black activists, both for their tactics and their presentation. In the aftermath of the MOVE bombing, those responsible downplayed the racial undertones of the decision to bom b the activist. However in a culture where racism is accepted in action but denounced in public, political projects such as the bombing of MOVE, â€Å"Overtly claim to hold colorblind views, (but they) covertly manipulate racial fears in order to achieve political gains†. (Omni & Winant 58). ... t even though the civil rights era had begun a full 30 years previously, United States officials and the society at large, was still very much afraid of the perceived threat of black nationalism, black activism, black terrorism, and any other activism carried out by African-Americans (King & Smith 79). As such, the response to almost any form of black activism, crime, drug usage, or any other illegal, or conceivably illegal, activity was extreme to say the least. For years, pundits and political analysts have pointed to the unjust treatment of African-Americans under the criminal justice system of the United States. The violent reaction to the Philadelphia MOVE community was one that can only be understood as a response motivated primarily by racial fear, suspicion, and a great deal of prejudice and preconceived notions with respect to the way in which this particular group was expected to behave. Ultimately, the events that took place in 1985, with regards to the Philadelphia MOVE g roup, helps to illustrate the disparity between the way in which black separatism and white separatism was treated. For instance, an individual who might have espoused a radical ideology that promoted rabid antigovernment views and promoted a degree of racial discord and white supremacy would not likely have been engaged in the same manner that the individuals of the Philadelphia MOVE group were treated. Interestingly, a complete and thorough analysis of the incident up to and including the bombing of this group denotes the fact that even though a high percentage of the group’s members were in fact African-American, a unique level of black separatism, racism, and other racial motivations existed in the media portrayal of this incident. However, the lack of evidence for this media

People's Mujahidin Organization of Iran v. United States Department of Essay

People's Mujahidin Organization of Iran v. United States Department of State - Essay Example The organization was known to conduct various terrorist activities during the regime of Khomeini as well as the Shah, which made the unpopularity of MeK inevitable. However, the organization claims to have ceased all of its terrorist activities since 2001 and has been aiming to improve its international ever since. This brings us to February 11th 2009, when the MeK filed a petition in the U.S court of Appeals to challenge its designation into FTO (Foreign Terrorist Organization) by the U.S. Department of State. The MeK claims that it has halted all of its terrorist activities since 2001, with valid proof, and the decision of the Department of State to keep the organization listed in the FTO in 2008 and 2003 is unfair. This created a point of confrontation between the two organizations. One needs to take for account both sides of the cases in order to understand the condition properly (Alexander, 2003). In 1996 according to the AEDPA, the Department of State to create a list of global terrorist organizations called the FTO. It was done to cease their working inside the United States. The FTO was to be reviewed by the Department of State once every two years and later every five years to keep the list updated. MeK has been a part of the list since 2003 and has filed a petition to the department of state in 2008 to delist the organization from the list. The MeK has also provided various evidences for this petition to become a reality. The MeK has presented the following changes in its activities and prospects: Ceased every ongoing military campaign in the territory of Iran since 2001. Has shared valuable intelligence information with the U.S. government regarding Iran’s nuclear program and alleged terrorist activities. Has surrendered all of its arms and military equipment to the U.S. military forces of Iraq and cooperated with the U.S. military forces at Camp Ashraf in Iraq. Has obtained a delisting from terrorist organizations from various countries, such as the United Kingdom and the European Union. Has rejected violence and terrorist activities on record in 2004. Even after these substantial evidences, the U.S. Department State ruled out the petition of MeK and maintained its listing in the FTO as a terrorist organization. A listing in the FTO means that all assets an organization has in the United States will be overtaken by the government and the organization will not be allowed to hold any activity, even peaceful, inside the U.S. territory. For the U.S. Department of State to justify its decision, they released a 20-page document to support their decision. In such documents, the Department was expected to give a detailed description of each of every difference stated by the MeK. This wasn’t the case here (McCormack and McDonald, 2006). The document, when analyzed by various analysts was found to be filled with one-sided reviews of past activities, dating back in the 1980’s and the 1990’s by the MeK. The dep artment did not give any pro and cons of the activities mentioned by the MeK in their petition to the department and were all pointing towards the activities conducted by the organization way before 2001, after which the organization claims to have changed. Some descriptions given in the document was even contradictory to the activities of the MeK such as, â€Å"On October 12, 2006, I received information that questioned activities were going on at the University compound, [C]amp

Justice or Free

Justice or Freedom of Speech Essay 1. When do the concerns of national security cross the line to infringing on personal freedoms in regards to activities such as data mining? 2. Are people prepared to give up certain civil rights in order to assure safety in the new age of terrorism? 3. Is the government being completely open about the various programs that are  being used under the â€Å"drift net?† 4. What is actual definition of the â€Å"targeted† part of society that is being observed  and tracked? 5. Should the government be able to â€Å"mine† personal data such as financial,  phone and related records? 6. Does the Patriot Act give too much power to the FBI and related government  agencies without judicial oversight? 7. Who is providing checks and balances to the agencies that have been given this  extra power under the Patriot Act? 8. What is the margin for error in defining who is a suspect and who is not? 9. Is there appropriate due process for those targeted by National Security letters  whose records have been requested? 10. Is racially profiling considered a violation of people’s civil rights, and does  the government have a right to use this as a basis for targeting civilians as  possible terrorists?

The Defining Characteristics of Ancient Egypt Essay Example for Free

The Defining Characteristics of Ancient Egypt Essay As ancient civilizations began to be recovered by archeologists and theories abounded, Vere Gordon Childe took the reins and wrote on his findings for nearly the last forty years of his life. Indeed, Childe was the first to â€Å"[view] the development of cultures as homotaxial, [which] led Childe to define stages of civilization according to social and economic patterns . † It is this approach that led archeologists to view ancient civilizations as prospering economies and has helped to set the characteristics for further defining them. Ancient Egypt, for example, can be defined by three major elements: the effects of the first wars in Egypt, the hieroglyphics that define Egypt as a literary culture, and the parliamentary Egypt, that of Kingdoms, Empires, and City-States. Ancient Egypt was not a warring nation and did not seek out new territories and conquest. In fact, during the Old Kingdom, the pharaohs were mostly involved in their people, their governments, and in building their economy. However, it was not to last. The early Asiatics invaded Egypt and brought the fall of the Old Kingdom. For the first time, Egypt had to set up defenses and plan for attacks from their surrounding nations and during the Middle Kingdom, Egypt took great strides to protect themselves from the warring and invading barbarians. By the New Kingdom, Egypt had become a vast military power and the neighboring nations had much to fear from retaliatory conquest and invasion. Egypt was not the simple, quiet nation that they once were—they were a powerful, wealthy nation that saw conquest as a way to further enrich their people and nation. Another way in which ancient Egypt can be defined characteristically is through their hieroglyphics. Egyptian hieroglyphics are one of the most complex languages in history; and, throughout archeological study, it is one of the few languages that has lasted without change for centuries. Indeed, â€Å"perhaps no modern society, with the possible exception of France, has such a preoccupation with the purity of language as the Egyptian society does . † Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics tell many stories: that of love, war, and planting seasons. They were, undeniably, as literary a nation as any have ever been. Finally, the development of Egyptian parliamentary procedures has a set of characteristics not seen in any other ancient nation. Egypt began with a ruling pharaoh—known affectionately as the â€Å"pyramid builders† who created the most striking and remarkable archeology in history with each new ruling leader. Pharaohs ruled their kingdoms for life, at which time their throne passed on to a son or relative—unless the family was overthrown. And, it is at the end of these reigns that war, strife, and even prosperousness have made their marks on Egypt—most notably, the end of the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom, which brought rulers strikingly different from those of the past as Egypt moved to prosperity as a nation and war for conquest. Overall, as archeologists know, â€Å"no more difficult task confronts the historian than to trace the gradual emergence of a civilization, since this necessarily belongs to ages where written documents are either non-existent or very scanty . † It is through their tiring study that ancient Egypt and the characteristics that define it as a nation have emerged. Of these characteristics, a study of ancient war, hieroglyphics, and Egyptian parliamentary procedures mark Egypt most profoundly, differentiating it from other ancient nations. Bibliography. Asante, Molefi Kete. (2002). Culture and Customs of Egypt. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Childe, Vere Gordon. (1956). Piecing Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archelogical Data. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. Erman, Adolf. (2001). Life in Ancient Egypt, Vol. 2. London: Macmillian. Gardiner, Alan. (1964). Egypt of the Pharoahs: An Introduction. London: Oxford UP. Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. and Jeremy A. Sabloff. (1979). Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing.

Andy Warhol: Modernism Vs Postmodernism

Andy Warhol: Modernism Vs Postmodernism By reference to both art works and writings- within the period of 1950-1970, critically discuss to the extent in which Andy Warhol has produced art after Modernism. In what ways has the artist upheld, adapted or rejected modernist values. This essay will critically discuss the extent to which Andy Warhol upheld, adapted or rejected Modernist values which will further investigate how Warhol created art after Modernism. In order to answer this question the main Modernist values will be discussed, these include ideas such as avant-garde, the machine age, transhistorical, equilibrium, aesthetic, individualism, form, purity, essentialism, universality. This will then form the basis to which a conclusion will be made as to whether or not Andy Warhol upheld, adapted or rejected these Modernist values. Modernism described cultural tendencies and a cultural movement which started in the late 19th century and ran into the early 20th Century which fixes its origins at the shattering of cultural symbols and norms. Modernist artists believed that the traditional, social and political order is no longer able to portray the modern needs as different from the past. They sought stylistic innovations that could better expose their present reality. The first Modernist value to be discussed is avant-garde. The Modernist avant-garde practice can be defined as the combination of three qualities: technological experimentation, aesthetic engagement with the means of signification and an immanent social political commitment. This definition refers to Modernists experimental and innovative art which pushed boundaries of what was socially accepted. Warhol emerged alongside Neo-avant-garde in the mid 1950s, where Modernist values were subverted by the values associated with modern art within the Modernist period through the eruption of more diverse, new practices. Warhol and his Pop Art work was an example used to show that the neo avant-garde is an avant-garde that exists as a mere inauthentic mirage of the avant-garde of the 1910s and 20s. Warhols use of the photographic silk screening process was the decisive step by which Warhol aligned his working method with the content of his paintings. It was through this step that he made conspicuous and quite specific contribution to the advance of avant-garde art. The neo-avant-garde was a new take on avant-garde which wanted to bridge the gap between life-as-art and art-as-life and remodel our day to day existence. Pop Art was used to tell a melancholic story of arts inability to imagine socially better works. Warhol therefore adapted the Modernist value of the avant-garde where he added to the ideas of this Modernist value. He did this by adapting to the ever globalising society and created new means of creating and viewing artworks. In the 1960s, Andy Warhol created several mass-produced images from photographs of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor. He used the technique of silkscreen printing, this is seen as neo-avant-garde. This can be seen in his Turquoise Marilyn (Fig 1.) is based on a publicity still of Marilyn Monroe, with vivid colours highlighting her eyes, lips and earrings. He also famously replicated the same image in a variety of different colours. Warhol created many pieces using the silkscreen technique which was a useful technique as many of the same image was easily replicable. This idea leads me onto the next Modernist value of the Machine Age. Within the Modernist period, artists had to come to terms with the idea of machines. Many embraced the idea, soughing to fuse art and life through an expanded approach to mass culture, performance and production. For example the Italian Futurists encompassed the ever advancing machine age. They created work whereby they repeated shapes over and over like a machine. Warhol sought to be machine like in his everyday life and also his artwork. He did this by using repetition in a lot of his work. He stated: I think everybody should be like a machine, I think everybody should be like everybody. Within his day to day life he acted like a machine and this was reflected within his work entitled Campbells Soup Cans (Fig.2.) He claims he created this piece of work because he drank it daily, it was a routine. I use to have the same lunch everyday, for twenty yearsthe same thing over and over again. Warhol liked the idea of other people creating the same work as him; he said I think it would be so great if more people took up the silk screens so that no one would know whether my picture was mine or someone elses. People thought that this would turn the art world upside down yet Warhol argued back by repeating that he just wanted to be machine like; I feel that whatever I do and do machine like is what I want to do. While working as a commercial artist Warhol believed the process of doing work in commercial art was machine-like, but the attitude had feeling to it. This feeling within work was seen as bad to Warhol as he wanted to be more detatched from his work, hence the wanted to be machine like. Peter Halley admired Warhols work and felt that one had a sense that one could actually participate in the making of the work. This was what Warhol was aiming for. He upheld the Modernist value of the machine age and brought it further forward into a more developed art practice ideal. Warhol upheld the Modernist value of the machine age through his use of repetition and other people doing his work for him. Earlier mentioned was that Warhol wanted to be like a machine, thus meaning that he rejected the Modernist value of Individualism. His work has been described as having a sense that one could actually participate in the making of the work. The idea of art not being individual caused emphasis on depersonalized production process, forming an attack on the artists role. Transhistorical is another Modernist value which can be said to create timelessness among Modernist art. It described the same style yet a change in materials throughout history. The intention of artwork has been described as fulfilling the idea of the transhistorical, it specifies the invariant condition for something being art in every world and which there is art at all. The transhistorical concept of art is the largely unacknowledged foundation for the first general art history. Warhols art has been described as providing an illustration of the essential emptiness of art. His art can be seen as the termination point for the visual arts in world history when art as a medium has become inadequate, exhausted. In relation to the question, Warhol would be seen to reject the modernist value of the transhistorical, this is because he changed art itself, not just the mediums used. The next Modernist issue which I am going to address is the idea of Equilibrium. Equilibrium stands for a balance, where by a considered harmonious decision making process takes place within art. Warhol seems to reject the idea of equilibrium, when the equilibrium is not in itself so intrinsically compelling, and the handling of the paint is kept adamant, the result is that the painting tends not to hold the eye: the spectators eye keeps bouncing off, no matter how hard he tries to keep it fixed on the painting that has no inherent depth and ends up erecting a kind of hand ball court for the eye. Another Modernist value is aesthetic which is an emotion derived from the appearance of artwork. The aesthetic was very important to Modernist artists as they aimed to create a spiritual place for the viewer observing their art. Warhol incorporated the idea of the symbolism between the aesthetic of art works and those of other non art products. Warhol as it were redefined aesthetic experience in terms of critical resistance. Warhol developed his own comprehensive aesthetic theories, so we can say that Warhol adapted the Modernist idea of the aesthetic. He did this by changing the way in which we viewed work by changing the way in which work was made. Form was another important value in Modernism where Clement Greenberg drew much attention to the importance of form and in particular; flatness. Greenberg believed flatness was wanted in art because it was what something which was exclusive to painting. He says: For painting, such a focus means, most importantly, the exploration and assertion of flatness, that is, of the two dimensionality that distinguishes a painting from a sculpture. Warhol used form in his work, but in a way that differed to most Modernists work. Form is the organisation of materials. Warholsuse of photo silk screensplays a role in the progressive discarding of paintings tradition-laden baggage, while preserving its form. The Modernists values of Purity and Essentialism link together in Modernist work, as they refer to what is needed in art works and what is essential and left after everything is taken away. It was Warhol himself who revealed as mearly accidental most of the things his predecessors supposed essential to art he brought the history to an end by demonstrating that no visual criterion could not solve the problem through art alone. Warhol reproduces rather than represents, he seems to reject artistic sophistication, he does not take authorship for his work. Earlier mentioned he was said to wish for others to create his work for him, however, he strips his works down into a limited palette of colours, rather than defining every detail he uses only the essential lines so that the viewer can recognise what the subject matter is. Warhol has adapted the ideas of purity and essentialism. The final Modernist value is universality and the idea that art applies to everyone and that everyone can respond to art work. He does this by using famous people so that the everyday man could recognise his subject matter, he also believed that anyone could be an artist and wanted equality in society. Warhol also used everyday objects or subjects in his work, so that everyone could relate to his art. He upheld the Modernist Value of universality, for example in designing his Brillo Box-Soap Pads (Fig.3.) out of an every day material to show the defining role of theory to be a universal truth about all art. Warhol speaks of making his Brillo Boxes in conjunction with his Campbells soup cans: I did all the (Campbells soup) cans in a row on a canvas, and then I got a box made to do them on a box, and then it looked funny because it didnt look real I did the cans on the box, but it came out looking funny. I had the boxes already made up. They were brown and looked just like boxes, so I thought it would be great just to do an ordinary box. The second part of the question asks how Warhol created art after Modernism, through influence of modernist values Warhol successfully created art after modernism in the movement entitled Pop Art. Lawrence Alloway was the first person to render the idea of Pop Art in 1958 which he described as mass produced culture , it then became commonly used to describe new works of art which had been produced in the period that had become a central stylistic concept of the pop scene and a synonym for the cultural movement for the period in general. Warhol became part of this movement through his use of colour and subject. Art is anything you can get away with was a famous statement by Andy Warhol, who produced artwork after the Modernist period which influenced and inspired many. Warhol was born in Pittsburgh in 1928 and died in 1987. He moved to New York and became a successful graphic designer in the early 1950s, he worked for shoe fashions and as designer of display windows, then towards the late 1950s he began to produce and exhibit his own drawings, in 1960 he produced his first canvas and then he developed into an chic artist becoming part of the up and coming avant-garde movement known as Pop Art. If they told me to draw a shoe, Id do it, and if they told me to correct it, I would-Id do anything they told me to do, correct it and do it right. Id have to invent it and now I dont; after that correction those commercial drawings would have feelings , they would have a style. The attitude of those who hired me had feeling or something to it; they knew what they wanted, they insisted; sometimes they got very emotional. The process of doing work in commercial art was machine-like, but the attitude had feeling to it. Warhol was described as mercilessly debunking Modernist protocols. Warhol took an anti-Modernist approach in some aspects of his art work and disregarded the Modernist idea of Abstract Expressionism; a movement deeply informed by its subject matter and the artists attitudes towards their themes directing their attitudes towards form and process. Warhols process of creating Silkscreens was a whole new technique. The silkscreen is simply a stencil, however Warhol combined it with photographical techniques which created different tonal ends. Warhol selected his images from newspapers and magazines he then sent it to a commercial silkscreen makers with a note as to the desired dimensions of the screen and the number of colours to be printed. When the screen had been prepared for printing, it was returned to Warhols Factory. This process of silk screening meant Warhol could reproduce work quickly, simply and identically. Warhol also employed assistants to print his silk screens in his Factory. Warhols use of silkscreening can also be linked to the earlier point of universiality as this technique was mass produced and identical mirrored his views on an equal society. Warhol was openly homosexual and his anti Modernist position educated his most renowned subjects, Marylin Monroe (Fig.4.) and Elizabeth Taylor. These celebrities were as much gay icons as objects of male heterosexual desire, not just because of their publicised suffering in heterosexual relationships, and his silkscreen-printed portraits of 1962-3 the garish inks virtually functioned as make-up, creating drag queen connotations. The Coca Cola bottle represents an image of mass produced consumer culture which was encountered often in American society. Andy Warhols 210 Coca Cola Bottles (Fig. 5.) was made using the printing technique common to most of his work. The stacking of his products in rows implied a submission to the routinisation of supermarket-era shopping, as well as mimicking the techniques of mass production. This also links to the earlier mentioned idea of universiality In conclusion, Andy Warhol changed art as was once know. He upheld the Modernist ideas of the machine age and the universal, whilst rejecting the idea of equilibrium, purity and essentialism and finally adapting the ideas of the avant-garde and aesthetic. Finally he said: Someday everybody will think just what they want to think and then everybody will properly be thinking alike; that seems to be whats happening. I feel that this sums up art after Modernism as it shows how the changing ideas are adapting the ever changing world.